Introduction

The term “anaphylactic shock” makes most people think of an allergic reaction that causes throat and bronchial constriction. Cats, like humans, tend to develop these severe respiratory signs from anaphylactic shock, which is uncommon in cats but is every bit as much of an emergency as it is in people. Cats can experience anaphylactic shock from exposure to a number of allergens, including medications, vaccines, insect saliva, venom or ingredients in food.

Symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock in Cats

There is no breed or gender predisposition for development of anaphylaxis in cats. Most affected cats are between 6 and 24 months of age. Anaphylactic reactions in cats tend to affect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Signs develop almost immediately (usually within minutes) after exposure to the causative allergen. The first signs of anaphylactic shock in cats are usually restlessness or excitement. These quickly progress to extreme itchiness around the face or elsewhere where the allergen entered the body (such as the where the cat was stung or a vaccination was given), facial swelling, weakness, shallow rapid breathing, elevated heart rate, pale gums, profuse salivation and vomiting. As the cat’s body temperature drops, its limbs will become noticeably cold to the touch. Left untreated, these symptoms will progress to changes in mental clarity, difficulty walking, seizures, coma, and ultimately death.

Anaphylactic shock typically can be effectively treated with epinephrine injections and additional support, but these treatments must be given within a matter of minutes once the symptoms begin. It is a good idea to have your veterinary clinic and nearby emergency clinic mapped out to prepare yourself, and your cat, for any type of emergency, including anaphylactic shock.