Introduction

Dermatitis, which refers to any inflammation of the skin, is a particularly frustrating condition for owners of companion dogs because it can be caused by so many different things and contributes to so many different clinical signs. Dermatitis is not difficult to diagnose, because the symptoms are rather obvious.

How Dermatitis is Diagnosed

When a dog presents with a history of intense itchiness and scratching, and accompanying raw, weeping skin sores, the veterinarian will begin a systematic hunt to determine the cause of the condition. This diagnostic challenge normally begins with a thorough assessment of outside factors, such as parasites and any identifiable environmental allergies. Flea bites can cause horrible dermatitis in dogs, and demodectic mange can cause equally significant dermatitis. The attending veterinarian will take a thorough history and conduct a thorough physical examination. She will especially examine the dog’s hair coat to look for signs of external parasites. She may also do a skin scraping to help identify any parasites that have burroughed deep into the hair follicles. This is the best way to diagnose demodectic mange.

If no obvious cause of dermatitis is found based on the initial history and physical examination, the search must go on. Blood tests can help to rule out any systemic causes of dermatitis, such as hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease), diabetes or hypothyroidism. If the results of blood tests are normal, the veterinarian probably will next focus on possible causes of hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions that could contribute to skin inflammation. Dietary changes may be recommended to assess possible food allergies, and shampoos or other topical products may be recommended as well. Skin biopsies may be taken in resistant cases.

Special Notes

Sometimes, the underlying cause of canine dermatitis will never be discovered. In those cases, prescription medications and shampoos may be used to help reduce the severity of the symptoms. If left untreated, dermatitis can progress to secondary bacterial skin infections. If your pet shows signs of dermatitis, make an appointment with your veterinarian as soon as possible.